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Crustose lichens on a wall Growth of crustose lichen on a tree trunk. Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. [1] The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer ...
Mycobilimbia australis is a crustose (crust-forming) lichen that forms a spreading, uneven, dull-coloured patch ranging from pale greyish to brownish or greenish grey. The lichen's main body takes on the texture of whatever surface it grows on and is typically dotted with small black-brown spots that are either developing or aborted reproductive structures.
[23] [24] Crustose lichens lack a lower cortex, though most have an upper cortex. The photobiont layer lies just below the upper cortex. [25] Many crustose lichens have a ring of unlichenised fungal hyphae at their edges. This fringe, known as a prothallus, may be black, white or the same colour as the rest of the thallus. [26]
A crustose lichen that grows on rock is called a saxicolous lichen. [37] [40]: 159 Crustose lichens that grow on the rock are epilithic, and those that grow immersed inside rock, growing between the crystals with only their fruiting bodies exposed to the air, are called endolithic lichens.
The lower cortex of foliose lichens often bears rootlike fungal structures known as rhizines, which serve to attach the thallus to the substrate on which it grows. Lichens also sometimes contain structures made from fungal metabolites, for example crustose lichens sometimes have a polysaccharide layer in the cortex. Although each lichen thallus ...
Gilbertaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sphaerophoraceae, [1] [2] comprising four species of crustose lichens found primarily in arctic and alpine environments. The genus is characterised by its thin, crust-like growth on rocks and dead plant material, black button-like reproductive structures ( apothecia ), and frequent ...
A crustose lichen, Caloplaca marina. Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. Crustose adheres very closely to the substrates at all points. Crustose is found on rocks and tree bark. [1]
Rhizocarpon is a genus of crustose, saxicolous (or sometimes lichenicolous), lecideoid lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae.The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions.