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Vanadium(IV) oxide or vanadium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula VO 2.It is a dark blue solid. Vanadium(IV) dioxide is amphoteric, dissolving in non-oxidising acids to give the blue vanadyl ion, [VO] 2+ and in alkali to give the brown [V 4 O 9] 2− ion, or at high pH [VO 4] 4−. [4]
In solution, the sulfate ion dissociates rapidly. Being widely available, vanadyl sulfate is a common precursor to other vanadyl derivatives, such as vanadyl acetylacetonate: [7] [V(O)(H 2 O) 4]SO 4 + 2 C 5 H 8 O 2 + Na 2 CO 3 → [V(O)(C 5 H 7 O 2) 2] + Na 2 SO 4 + 5 H 2 O + CO 2. In acidic solution, oxidation of vanadyl sulfate gives yellow ...
The chemistry of vanadium is noteworthy for the accessibility of the four adjacent oxidation states 2–5, whereas the chemistry of the other group 5 elements, niobium and tantalum, are somewhat more limited to the +5 oxidation state. [1] In aqueous solution, vanadium forms metal aquo complexes of which the colours are lilac [V(H 2 O) 6] 2 ...
The number indicates the degree of oxidation of each element caused by molecular bonding. In ionic compounds, the oxidation numbers are the same as the element's ionic charge. Thus for KCl, potassium is assigned +1 and chlorine is assigned -1. [4] The complete set of rules for assigning oxidation numbers are discussed in the following sections.
If acid is slowly added to a solution of Na 3 VO 4, the colour gradually deepens through orange to red before brown hydrated V 2 O 5 precipitates around pH 2. These solutions contain mainly the ions HVO 4 2− and V 2 O 7 4− between pH 9 and pH 13, but below pH 9 more exotic species such as V 4 O 12 4− and HV 10 O 28 5− ( decavanadate ...
Oxidation states are unitless and are also scaled in positive and negative integers. Most often, the Frost diagram displays oxidation state in increasing order, but in some cases it is displayed in decreasing order. The neutral species of the pure element with a free energy of zero (nE° = 0) also has an oxidation state equal to zero. [2]
Vanadium(II) oxide is the inorganic compound with the idealized formula VO. It is one of the several binary vanadium oxides.It adopts a distorted NaCl structure and contains weak V−V metal to metal bonds.
Element Negative states Positive states Group Notes −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 Z; 1 hydrogen: H −1 +1: 1 2 helium: He 0 18