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To implement the multicast routing, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and a multicast routing protocol (Reverse-path forwarding, PIM-SM) for registration subscriber grouping and control traffic are required for multicast transmission. [2] [3] [4] Regarding IP multicast, it is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP network ...
MP-BGP maintains unicast and multicast routing information, and stores both types in different routing tables to ensure their separation. MP-BGP supports unicast and multicast, and constructs different network topologies for each. MP-BGP can maintain unicast and multicast routes based on routing policies.
Each multicast group to which the local router can route has a multicast routing table entry with a next hop for the group, rather than for a specific destination as in unicast routing. There can be multicast static routes as well as learning dynamic multicast routes from a protocol such as Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM).
Multicast is the most common approach, and each VXLAN network identifier (VNI) is mapped to a single multicast group, while each multicast group may map to one or more VNIs. When a VTEP comes alive it uses the Internet Group Management Protocol to join the multicast groups for the VNIs it uses. When a VTEP has to send BUM traffic it will send ...
PIM is not dependent on a specific unicast routing protocol; it can make use of any unicast routing protocol in use on the network. PIM does not build its own routing tables. PIM uses the unicast routing table for reverse-path forwarding. [1]: 56–57 There are four variants of PIM:
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4 networks to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is an integral part of IP multicast and allows the network to direct multicast transmissions only to hosts that have requested them.
The IP multicast standard was designed to scale to multicast groups with many members. It works well when doing a distribution similar to broadcasting, but it has scalability problems to a large number of groups. Multicast routing protocols keep routing tables that record multicast group addresses with members. These tables might become large ...
In standard unicast IP routing, the router forwards the packet away from the source to make progress along the distribution tree and prevent routing loops. In contrast, the router's multicast forwarding state runs more logically by organizing tables based on the reverse path, from the receiver back to the root of the distribution tree at the ...