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The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Number of C atoms
The side chains are: an ethyl- at carbon 4, an ethyl- at carbon 8, and a butyl- at carbon 12. Note: the −O−CH 3 at carbon atom 15 is not a side chain, but it is a methoxy functional group. There are two ethyl- groups. They are combined to create, 4,8-diethyl. The side chains are grouped like this: 12-butyl-4,8-diethyl.
The carbon–hydrogen bending modes depend on the nature of the group: methyl groups show bands at 1450 cm −1 and 1375 cm −1, while methylene groups show bands at 1465 cm −1 and 1450 cm −1. [24] Carbon chains with more than four carbon atoms show a weak absorption at around 725 cm −1.
Common Name Systematic Name Structural Formula Lipid Numbers Propionic acid: Propanoic acid CH 3 CH 2 COOH C3:0 Butyric acid: Butanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH C4:0 Valeric acid: Pentanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH C5:0 Caproic acid: Hexanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH C6:0 Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH C7:0 Caprylic acid: Octanoic ...
Find the longest carbon chain in the molecule. If that chain does not contain the double bond, name the compound according to the alkane naming rules. Otherwise: Number the carbons in that chain starting from the end that is closest to the double bond. Define the location k of the double bond as being the number of its first carbon.
Combining the names of functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes generates what is termed a systematic nomenclature for naming organic compounds. In traditional nomenclature, the first carbon atom after the carbon that attaches to the functional group is called the alpha carbon ; the second, beta carbon, the third, gamma carbon, etc.
First, five atoms comprise the longest straight chain of carbon centers. The parent five-carbon compound is named pentane (highlighted blue). The methyl "substituent" or "group" is highlighted red. According to the usual rules of nomenclature, alkyl groups are included in the name of the molecule before the root, as in methylpentane. This name ...
In general bonds of carbon with other elements are covalent bonds. Carbon is tetravalent but carbon free radicals and carbenes occur as short-lived intermediates. Ions of carbon are carbocations and carbanions are also short-lived. An important carbon property is catenation as the ability to form long carbon chains and rings. [3]