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Vanadium(IV) oxide or vanadium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula VO 2.It is a dark blue solid. Vanadium(IV) dioxide is amphoteric, dissolving in non-oxidising acids to give the blue vanadyl ion, [VO] 2+ and in alkali to give the brown [V 4 O 9] 2− ion, or at high pH [VO 4] 4−. [4]
VO 2+, often in an ionic pairing with sodium (NaH 2 VO 4), is the second most abundant transition metal in seawater, with its concentration only being exceeded by molybdenum. [4] In the ocean the average concentration is 30 nM. Some mineral water springs also contain the ion in high concentrations.
From left: [V(H 2 O) 6] 2+ (lilac), [V(H 2 O) 6] 3+ (green), [VO(H 2 O) 5] 2+ (blue) and [VO(H 2 O) 5] 3+ (yellow).. Vanadium compounds are compounds formed by the element vanadium (V). The chemistry of vanadium is noteworthy for the accessibility of the four adjacent oxidation states 2–5, whereas the chemistry of the other group 5 elements, niobium and tantalum, are somewhat more limited to ...
The oxidation state of oxygen is −2 in almost all known compounds of oxygen. The oxidation state −1 is found in a few compounds such as peroxides . Compounds containing oxygen in other oxidation states are very uncommon: − 1 ⁄ 2 ( superoxides ), − 1 ⁄ 3 ( ozonides ), 0 (elemental, hypofluorous acid ), + 1 ⁄ 2 ( dioxygenyl ), +1 ...
The oxidation state of oxygen is −2 in almost all known compounds of oxygen. The oxidation state −1 is found in a few compounds such as peroxides . [ 125 ] Compounds containing oxygen in other oxidation states are very uncommon: −1/2 ( superoxides ), −1/3 ( ozonides ), 0 ( elemental , hypofluorous acid ), +1/2 ( dioxygenyl ), +1 ...
The charge on the ion is +5 − 3 × 2 = −1, and so the formula is ClO − 3. The structure of the ion is predicted by VSEPR theory to be pyramidal, with three bonding electron pairs and one lone pair. In a similar way, The oxyanion of chlorine(III) has the formula ClO − 2, and is bent with two lone pairs and two bonding pairs.
The number and identity of the oxyanions that exist between pH 13 and 2 depend on pH as well as concentration. For example, protonation of vanadate initiates a series of condensations to produce polyoxovanadate ions: [2] pH 9–12: HVO 2− 4, V 2 O 4− 7; pH 4–9: H 2 VO − 4, V 4 O 4− 12, HV 10 O 5− 28; pH 2–4: H 3 VO 4, H 2 V 10 O 4 ...
Phases with the general formula V n O 2n−1 exist between VO 2 and V 2 O 3. [1] Called Magnéli phases for Arne Magnéli, [2] they are examples of crystallographic shear compounds based on the rutile structure. [1] Examples of Magnéli phases include V 4 O 7, V 5 O 9, V 6 O 11, V 7 O 13 and V 8 O 15. V 3 O 5 appears as the mineral oxyvanite ...