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  2. Ontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology

    For example, being a city is a property while being east of is a relation, as in "Kathmandu is a city" and "Kathmandu is east of New Delhi". [38] Relations are often divided into internal and external relations. Internal relations depend only on the properties of the objects they connect, like the relation of resemblance. External relations ...

  3. Metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics

    Metaphysicians often regard existence or being as one of the most basic and general concepts. [26] To exist means to be part of reality, distinguishing real entities from imaginary ones. [27] According to a traditionally influential view, existence is a property of properties: if an entity exists then its properties are instantiated. [28]

  4. Being and Nothingness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_and_Nothingness

    Many have praised the book's central notion that "existence precedes essence", its introduction of the concept of bad faith, and its exploration of "nothingness", as well as its novel contributions to the philosophy of sex. However, the book has been criticized for its abstruseness and for its treatment of Freud.

  5. Simulacra and Simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulacra_and_Simulation

    Simulacra and Simulation (French: Simulacres et Simulation) is a 1981 philosophical treatise by the philosopher and cultural theorist Jean Baudrillard, in which he seeks to examine the relationships between reality, symbols, and society, in particular the significations and symbolism of culture and media involved in constructing an understanding of shared existence.

  6. Existential phenomenology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_phenomenology

    It has also impacted architectural theory, especially in the phenomenological and Heideggerian approaches to space, place, dwelling, technology, etc. [12] In literary theory and criticism, Robert Magliola's Phenomenology and Literature: An Introduction (Purdue UP, 1977; rpt. 1978) was the first book [13] to explain to Anglophonic academics ...

  7. Outline of metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_metaphysics

    Branch of philosophyphilosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [4] [5] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. [6]

  8. Dasein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasein

    In German, Dasein is the vernacular term for "existence". It is derived from da-sein, which literally means "being-there" or "there-being". [3] In a philosophical context, it was first used by Leibniz and Wolff in the 17th century, as well as by Kant and Hegel in the 18th and 19th; however, Heidegger's later association of the word with human existence was uncommon and not of special ...

  9. Theory of forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_forms

    In philosophy and specifically metaphysics, the theory of Forms, theory of Ideas, [1] [2] [3] Platonic idealism, or Platonic realism is a theory widely credited to the Classical Greek philosopher Plato. The theory suggests that the physical world is not as real or true as "Forms".