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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, [b] also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha [c] until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal [d] from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 [2] (c. 1881 [e] – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and a founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until ...
Since, in Ottoman military ranks, "Bey" was a common title given to all ranks for Binbaşı and above, Mustafa Kemal Efendi, henceforth, was addressed as "Mustafa Kemal Bey". On 1 April 1916, Mustafa Kemal was promoted to the rank of Mirliva, equivalent to Major General today. In Ottoman military ranks, Pasha was a common title given to all ...
The Turks Today is a book by Andrew Mango about Turkey's development since the death of the founder of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1938 until today. [1] It is the sequel to his biography of Ataturk, Attaturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turks. [1] [2]
[citation needed] One of the leaders of the İzmir plot to assassinate President Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) in İzmir after the establishment of the Turkish Republic was a Dönme named Mehmed Cavid, [13] a founding member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and the former Minister of Finance of the Ottoman Empire.
Mustafa Kemal delivering his speech in the Assembly. Nutuk (The Speech) is a thirty-six hour speech delivered by Mustafa Kemal to the Turkish Grand National Assembly in 1927. Discussing the events between 1919 and 1923, it paved the ground for the foundation myths of Turkish Republic and the official historiography of the War of Independence.
The quote in various languages in Istanbul Military Museum, The Hall of Martyrs. The slogan "Peace at home, peace in the world" (Turkish: Yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh, rendered today as Yurtta barış, dünyada barış due to Atatürk's language reforms [citation needed]) was first pronounced by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on 20 April 1931 to the public during his tours of Anatolia.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of the Republic of Turkey, died at the Dolmabahçe Palace, his official residence in Istanbul, on 10 November 1938.His state funeral was held in the capital city of Ankara on 21 November, and was attended by dignitaries from seventeen nations.
Mustafa Kemal had the ambition to make Turkey a new modern secular nation.In 1925, the Turkish government introduced a new Family Law modelled after the Swiss Family Law, [12] and in the same year, it banned Mahmud II's reformation hat for men to be Westernise, [13] the fez. [14]