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The phylum Platyhelminthes includes two classes of worms of particular medical significance: the cestodes (tapeworms) and the trematodes (flukes and blood flukes), depending on whether or not they have segmented bodies. [1] [8] There may be as many as 300,000 species of parasites affecting vertebrates, [9] and as many as 300 affecting humans ...
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes). Most of the species—and the best-known—are those in the subclass Eucestoda ; they are ribbon-like worms as adults, commonly known as tapeworms .
About 90% of nematodes reside in the top 15 cm (6") of soil. Nematodes do not decompose organic matter, but, instead, are parasitic and free-living organisms that feed on living material. Nematodes can effectively regulate bacterial population and community composition—they may eat up to 5,000 bacteria per minute.
The predominant groups of cod parasites in the northeast Atlantic were trematodes (19 species) and nematodes (13 species), including larval anisakids, which comprised 58.2% of the total number of individuals. [3] Parasites of Atlantic cod include copepods, digeneans, monogeneans, acanthocephalans, cestodes, nematodes, myxozoans and protozoans: [3]
Trematodes are covered by a tegument, that protects the organism from the environment by providing secretory and absorptive functions. The life cycle of a typical trematode begins with an egg . Some trematode eggs hatch directly in the environment (water), while others are eaten and hatched within a host, typically a mollusc .
A nematode infection is a type of helminthiasis caused by organisms in the nematode phylum. [1] An example is enterobiasis. Several antinematodal agents are available.
Trematodiasis is a group of parasitic infections caused by different species of flukes, in humans mainly by digenean trematodes. [4] Symptoms can range from mild to severe depending on the species, number and location of trematodes in the infected organism. [1]
Strongyloides stercoralis is a human pathogenic parasitic roundworm causing the disease strongyloidiasis.Its common name in the US is threadworm.In the UK and Australia, however, the term threadworm can also refer to nematodes of the genus Enterobius, otherwise known as pinworms.