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For key authentication using the traditional symmetric key cryptography, this is the problem of assuring that there is no man-in-the-middle attacker who is trying to read or spoof the communication. There are various algorithms used now-a-days to prevent such attacks.
Alice sends a message encrypted with Bob's public key to Bob to show that Alice is a valid user. Bob verifies the message: Bob checks the format and timestamp. If either is incorrect or invalid, the session is aborted. The message is then decrypted with Bob's secret key, giving Alice's ID. Bob checks if the message matches a valid user.
As the name suggests, CCM mode combines counter (CTR) mode for confidentiality with cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) for authentication. These two primitives are applied in an "authenticate-then-encrypt" manner: CBC-MAC is first computed on the message to obtain a message authentication code (MAC), then the message and the MAC are encrypted using counter mode.
Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key [1]) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: [2] the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the ...
The simplest form of dual key security is a lock that requires two keys to open, with each key held by a different person. The lock can only be opened if both parties agree to do so at the same time. In 1963, Canada accepted having American W-40 nuclear warheads under dual key control on Canadian soil, to be used on the Canadian BOMARC missiles.
Selective forgery is the creation of a message/signature pair (,) by an adversary, where has been chosen by the attacker prior to the attack. [3] [4] may be chosen to have interesting mathematical properties with respect to the signature algorithm; however, in selective forgery, must be fixed before the start of the attack.
G (key-generator) gives the key k on input 1 n, where n is the security parameter. S (signing) outputs a tag t on the key k and the input string x. V (verifying) outputs accepted or rejected on inputs: the key k, the string x and the tag t. S and V must satisfy the following: Pr [ k ← G(1 n), V( k, x, S(k, x) ) = accepted] = 1. [5]
Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE), Authenticated Key Agreement (AKA) or Authentication and Key Establishment (AKE) is the exchange or creation of a session key in a key exchange protocol which also authenticates the identities of parties involved in key exchange. [1] AKE typically occurs at the beginning of a communication session. [2]