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The Bhakti movement in Hinduism refers to ideas and engagement that emerged in the medieval era on love and devotion to religious concepts built around one or more gods and goddesses. The Bhakti movement preached against the caste system and used local languages and so the message reached the masses. One who practices bhakti is called a bhakta ...
Bhakti ideas have inspired many popular texts and saint-poets in India. The Bhagavata Purana, for example, is a Krishna-related text associated with the Bhakti movement in Hinduism. [13] Bhakti is also found in other religions practiced in India, [14] [15] [16] and it has influenced interactions between Christianity and Hinduism in the modern era.
The Bhakti movement of late medieval Hinduism started in the 7th century, but rapidly expanded after the 12th century. [132] It was supported by the Puranic literature such as the Bhagavata Purana , poetic works, as well as many scholarly bhasyas and samhitas .
The Haridasa movement, a bhakti movement originated from Karnataka is a sub-branch of Sadh Vaishnavism. [277] Sadh Vaishnavism worships Vishnu as the highest Hindu deity and regards Madhva, whom they consider to be an incarnation of Vishnu's son, Vayu, as an incarnate saviour. [278]
From the very beginning of Chaitanya's bhakti movement in Bengal, Haridasa Thakur and others, Muslim or Hindu by birth, were participants. [ citation needed ] Ramakrishna Paramahamsa , the great sage of Dakshineswar , who lived in the 19th century, emphasised the bhakti marga of Chaitanya, whom he referred to as "Gauranga."
The Bhakti movement of Hinduism built its theosophy around two concepts of Brahman—Nirguna and Saguna. [112] Nirguna Brahman was the concept of the Ultimate Reality as formless, without attributes or quality. [113] Saguna Brahman, in contrast, was envisioned and developed as with form, attributes and quality. [113]
Raganuga-bhakti, on the other hand, follows ragatmika-bhakti, [42] [43] the bhakti present in Krishna's eternal associates, which is driven by raga, a natural absorption in the object of service. [44] [45] Jiva Goswami's conclusion in Bhakti Sandarbha is that raganuga-bhakti is the only abhidheya, viable process, recommended by the Bhagavatam. [27]
These compositions were in simple Kannada language since the main objective of this movement was to take the devotional movement to the common man. [3] [23] In doing so, the common people were also educated in the importance of consciousness (jnana), devotion (bhakti), ethics and Hindu religion.