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AZT has been used for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in combination with another antiretroviral drug called lamivudine. Together they work to substantially reduce the risk of HIV infection following the first single exposure to the virus. [14] More recently, AZT has been replaced by other antiretrovirals such as tenofovir to provide PEP. [15]
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS.Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores.
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headaches, feeling tired, and cough. [1] Serious side effects include liver disease, lactic acidosis, and worsening hepatitis B among those already infected. [1] It is safe for people over three months of age and can be used during pregnancy. [1] The medication can be taken with or without food. [1]
The initial symptoms are followed by a stage called clinical latency, asymptomatic HIV, or chronic HIV. [1] Without treatment, this second stage of the natural history of HIV infection can last from about three years [ 34 ] to over 20 years [ 35 ] (on average, about eight years). [ 36 ]
Severe side effects may include bone marrow suppression, muscle damage, worsening of hepatitis B if previously infected, high blood lactate and liver enlargement. [2] [4] It may be part of a recommended treatment during pregnancy. [2] The medications are both of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. [2]
HPA-23, sometimes known as antimonium tungstate, is an antiretroviral drug that was used for the treatment of HIV infection. It achieved widespread publicity as an effective treatment for HIV and AIDS beginning in 1984, just one year after HIV was first identified. Later testing failed to demonstrate any efficacy and some patients suffered ...
Didanosine became the second drug approved for the treatment of HIV infection in many other countries, including in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 9 October 1991. Its FDA approval helped bring down the price of zidovudine (ZDV), the initial anti-HIV drug.
Many factors may contribute to depression in adults living with HIV, such as the effects of the virus on the brain, other infections or tumours, antiretroviral drugs and other medical treatment. [74] Rates of major depression are higher in people living with HIV compared to the general population, and this may negatively influence ...
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