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The number e is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function.It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different constant typically denoted .
The power series definition of the exponential function makes sense for square matrices (for which the function is called the matrix exponential) and more generally in any unital Banach algebra B. In this setting, e 0 = 1, and e x is invertible with inverse e −x for any x in B. If xy = yx, then e x + y = e x e y, but this identity can fail ...
The definition of e x as the exponential function allows defining b x for every positive real numbers b, in terms of exponential and logarithm function. Specifically, the fact that the natural logarithm ln(x) is the inverse of the exponential function e x means that one has = () = for every b > 0.
is the imaginary unit, which by definition satisfies =, and π {\displaystyle \pi } is pi , the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter . Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler .
The exponential function e x for real values of x may be defined in a few different equivalent ways (see Characterizations of the exponential function). Several of these methods may be directly extended to give definitions of e z for complex values of z simply by substituting z in place of x and using the complex algebraic operations. In ...
The notation convention chosen here (with W 0 and W −1) follows the canonical reference on the Lambert W function by Corless, Gonnet, Hare, Jeffrey and Knuth. [3]The name "product logarithm" can be understood as follows: since the inverse function of f(w) = e w is termed the logarithm, it makes sense to call the inverse "function" of the product we w the "product logarithm".
In probability theory and statistics, the exponential distribution or negative exponential distribution is the probability distribution of the distance between events in a Poisson point process, i.e., a process in which events occur continuously and independently at a constant average rate; the distance parameter could be any meaningful mono-dimensional measure of the process, such as time ...
The exponential function is an E-function, in its case c n = 1 for all of the n. If λ is an algebraic number then the Bessel function J λ is an E-function. The sum or product of two E-functions is an E-function. In particular E-functions form a ring. If a is an algebraic number and f(x) is an E-function then f(ax) will be an E-function.