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Threshold braking or limit braking is a driving technique most commonly used not only in motor racing, but also practiced in road vehicles to slow a vehicle at the maximum rate using the brakes. [1] The technique involves the driver controlling the brake pedal (or lever) pressure to maximize the braking force developed by the tires .
The fitness and cadence of the rider, bicycle tire pressure and sizes, gear ratios, slope of the terrain affect the overall speed of the rider. A person pedalling with 100 W power can achieve 5.5 m/s on a roadster, 7.5 m/s on a racing bicycle, 10 m/s with a faired HPV and 14 m/s with an ultimate HPV.
The latter is an expert driving technique that is even more difficult to learn than cadence braking, and again has been largely superseded by ABS. Threshold braking, or a good ABS, generally results in the shortest stopping distance in a straight line. ABS, cadence and interference braking are intended to preserve steering control while braking.
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Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.
A drag brake is intended to provide a constant decelerating force to slow a bicycle on a long downhill rather than to stop it; a separate braking system is used to stop the bicycle. A drag brake is often employed on a heavy bicycle such as a tandem in mountainous areas where extended use of rim brakes could cause a rim to become hot enough to ...
Cadence can be measured via various types of sensors, for example a simple reed switch and a magnet which detects one revolution each time the crank arm passes a point on the frame, or more advanced sensors based on a force sensor (e.g. pedals), torque sensor (e.g. crank arms) or other types of cycling power sensors.