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  2. Chernozem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernozem

    Chernozem (/ ˈ tʃ ɜːr n ə z ɛ m / CHUR-nə-zem), [a] also called black soil, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus [3] (4% to 16%) and high percentages of phosphorus and ammonia compounds. [4] Chernozem is very fertile soil and can produce high agricultural yields with its high ...

  3. Terra preta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_preta

    Terra preta (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtɛʁɐ ˈpɾetɐ], literally "black soil" in Portuguese), also known as Amazonian dark earth or Indian black earth, is a type of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soil found in the Amazon Basin.

  4. Black soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_soil

    Black soil may refer to: Chernozem, fertile black soils found in eastern Europe, Russia, India and the Canadian prairies; Muck (soil), a soil made up primarily of humus from drained swampland; Vertisol, dark cracking soils with a high clay; Terra preta, "black earth" or soil of the Amazon river basin

  5. Soil color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_color

    Dark soil color imparted by organic matter in Illinois, US. Dark brown or black colors typically indicate that the soil has a high organic matter content. [4] Organic matter coats mineral soil particles, which masks or darkens the natural mineral colors. [1] Sodium content also influences the depth of organic matter and therefore the soil color.

  6. Houston black (soil) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Black_(soil)

    Houston black soil extends over 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km 2) of the Texas blackland prairies and is the Texas state soil. The series is composed of expansive clays and is considered one of the classic vertisols. [1] Houston black soils are used extensively for grain sorghum, cotton, corn, small grain, and

  7. Caliche - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliche

    Caliche fossil forest on San Miguel Island, California. Caliche (/ k ə ˈ l iː tʃ iː /) (unrelated to the street-slang "Caliche" spoken in El Salvador) is a soil accumulation of soluble calcium carbonate at depth, where it precipitates and binds other materials—such as gravel, sand, clay, and silt.

  8. Humus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus

    Humus has a characteristic black or dark brown color and is an accumulation of organic carbon.Besides the three major soil horizons of (A) surface/topsoil, (B) subsoil, and (C) substratum, some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the very surface.

  9. Humic substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humic_substance

    Historically, scientists have used variations of similar methods for extracting HS from NOM and separation the extracts into HA and FA. The International Humic Substances Society advocates the use of standard laboratory methods for preparation of humic and fulvic acids. Humic substances are extracted from soil and other solid sources using 0.1 ...