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Schooling Islam: The culture and politics of modern Muslim education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12933-4. Pierret, Thomas (2013). Religion and state in Syria. The Sunni ulama from coup to revolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-60990-7. Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2007).
Due to geographical proximity, most of the early Christian critiques of Islam were associated with Eastern Christians. The Quran was not translated from Arabic into the Latin language until the 12th century, when the English Catholic priest Robert of Ketton made the Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete translation (Robert was active in the Diocese of Pamplona, not far removed from the Arabic-speakers in ...
Indonesian Ulema Council (Indonesian: Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Arabic: مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي, abbreviated MUI) is Indonesia's top Islamic scholars' body. MUI was founded in Jakarta on 26 July 1975 during the New Order era. [ 1 ]
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation.. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal sha
Nahdlatul Ulama (Indonesian pronunciation: [nahˈdatʊl ʊˈlama], lit. ' Revival of the Ulama ' , NU ) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia . Its membership numbered over 40 million in 2023, [ 2 ] making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. [ 3 ]
The International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS; Arabic: الاتحاد العالمي لعلماء المسلمين; al-Ittiḥād al-ʻĀlamī li-ʻUlāmāʼ al-Muslimīn) is an independent international body of Islamic theologians, currently headed by Ali al-Qaradaghi since 2022. [2]
Indonesia is primarily Muslim, but Catholicism is the dominant faith in certain areas of the country. The Church is organised into one military ordinariate, 10 archdioceses and 28 dioceses, all of which are members of the Indonesian Catholic Bishops Conference (KWI) [ 3 ] led now by Bishop Antonius Subianto Bunjamin from the Diocese of Bandung .
Indonesian traditional Quranic school. The spread of Islam in Indonesia was a slow, gradual and relatively peaceful process. One theory suggests it arrived directly from Arabia before the 9th century, while another credits Sufi merchants and preachers for bringing Islam to Indonesian islands in the 12th or 13th century either from Gujarat in India or directly from the Middle East. [4]