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The analysis of turn-taking started with the description in a model in the paper known as the Simplest Systematics, [7] which was very programmatic for the field of Conversation analysis and one of the most cited papers published in the journal Language. [13]
Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, spoken, or sign language, including any significant semiotic event. [ citation needed ] The objects of discourse analysis ( discourse , writing, conversation, communicative event ) are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences ...
A turn construction unit (TCU) is the fundamental segment of speech in a conversation, as analysed in conversation analysis.. The idea was introduced in "A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation" by Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson in 1974. [1]
These are Grice's four maxims of conversation or Gricean maxims: quantity, quality, relation, and manner. They describe the rules followed by people in conversation. [ 2 ] Applying the Gricean maxims is a way to explain the link between utterances and what is understood from them.
What can be discussed through conversation, i.e., topics of discussion, are said to belong to a conversational domain. [28] Conversation is distinguished from the mere exchange of information as seen in information theory, by the fact that utterances are interpreted within the context of a given perspective of such a learning system. [27]
In conversation analysis, turn-taking organization describes the sets of practices speakers use to construct and allocate turns. [1] The organization of turn-taking was first explored as a part of conversation analysis by Harvey Sacks with Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson in the late 1960s/early 1970s, and their model is still generally accepted in the field.
Founder of conversation analysis Harvey Sacks (July 19, 1935 – November 14, 1975) was an American sociologist influenced by the ethnomethodology tradition. He pioneered extremely detailed studies of the way people use language in everyday life.
Conversation analysis often treats the stance of one turn as making another display of a stance relevant, and reacting appropriately to a display of stance (such as matching the emotion) is said to achieve affiliation between the interactants. [7]