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A map of medieval universities in Europe. The university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting in Europe. [7] [8] For hundreds of years prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place in Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools (scholae monasticae), where monks and nuns taught classes.
The list of medieval universities comprises universities (more precisely, studia generalia) which existed in Europe during the Middle Ages. [3] It also includes short-lived foundations and European educational institutions whose university status is a matter of debate.
Since Cassiodorus's educational program, the standard curriculum incorporated religious studies, the Trivium, and the Quadrivium. In some places monastic schools evolved into medieval universities which eventually largely superseded both institutions as centers of higher learning. [2]
Cobban, Alan, The Medieval Universities: Their Development and Organization, London: Harper & Row, 1975. Haskins, George L (1941) 'The University of Oxford and the Ius ubique docendi,' The English Historical Review, pp. 281–292. Rashdall, H. (1895) The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, Vol. 1.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56762-9. Grant, Edward (1974). A source book in medieval science. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-82360-5. Hannam, James (2011). The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution. Washington, DC: Regnery. p. 454. ISBN 978-1-59698-155-3.
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Alliance University, located in New York City (1882–1897; 1997–2023) Jewish. Bramson ORT College, Forest Hills (1979–2017) Non-denominational Christian.
Ed. Walter Rüegg. New York: Cambridge University Press. Leff, Gordon (1992) "The Trivium and the Three Philosophies" pages 307 to 336 in A History of the University in Europe, Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages. Ed. Hilde de Ridder-Symoens. New York: Cambridge University Press.