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The three main signs of hyperekplexia are generalized stiffness, excessive startle response beginning at birth, and nocturnal myoclonus. [5] Affected individuals are fully conscious during episodes of stiffness, which consist of forced closure of the eyes and an extension of the extremities followed by a period of generalised stiffness and uncontrolled falling at times. [6]
Signs of damage to the retina caused by hypertension include: [citation needed]. Laser Doppler imaging of the papilla of a patient with hypertension. Arteriolar changes, such as generalized arteriolar narrowing, focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, changes in the arteriolar wall (arteriosclerosis) and abnormalities at points where arterioles and venules cross.
In a hypertensive emergency, treatment should first be to stabilize the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation per ACLS guidelines. Patients should have their blood pressure slowly lowered over a period of minutes to hours with an antihypertensive agent.
Baclofen, diazepam and dantrolene remain the three most commonly used pharmacologic agents in the treatment of spastic hypertonia. Baclofen is generally the drug of choice for spinal cord types of spasticity, while sodium dantrolene is the only agent which acts directly on muscle tissue.
use of a hyperosmotic (hypertonic) ointment before bed reduces the amount of water in the epithelium, strengthening its structure [citation needed] use the pressure patch as mentioned above. [citation needed] use surgical tape to keep the eye closed (if Nocturnal Lagophthalmos is a factor) Waking options
Other treatments may include anti-seizure medications. [2] Hypertensive encephalopathy is uncommon. [2] It is believed to occur more often in those without easy access to health care. [2] The term was first used by Oppenheimer and Fishberg in 1928. [5] [6] It is classified as a type of hypertensive emergency. [4]