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Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke) is a species of digenetic trematode, belonging to a group (genus) of blood flukes (Schistosoma). It is found in Africa and the Middle East. It is the major agent of schistosomiasis, the most prevalent parasitic infection in humans. [1]
S. haematobium, the infectious agent responsible for urogenital schistosomiasis, infects over 112 million people annually in Sub-Saharan Africa alone. [77] It is responsible for 32 million cases of dysuria, 10 million cases of hydronephrosis, and 150,000 deaths from kidney failure annually, making S. haematobium the world's deadliest ...
Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes.They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization to be the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria), infecting millions worldwide.
S. haematobium is a digenetic trematode found in Africa and the Middle East. It is the major agent of schistosomiasis, the most prevalent parasitic infection in humans. [10] It is the only blood fluke that infects the urinary tract, causing urinary schistosomiasis, and is the leading cause of bladder cancer (only next to tobacco smoking).
A schistosomicide is a drug used to combat schistosomiasis. [1] List. Examples listed in MeSH include: [2] amoscanate; arteether; artemether; chloroxylenol; hycanthone;
But the parasites Schistosoma originated in Asia. In Africa, the progenitor species evolved into modern S. mansoni and S. haematobium around 2–5 million years ago. [72] [73] A German physician Theodor Maximillian Bilharz was the first to discover the parasite in 1851, while working at Kasr el-Aini Hospital, a medical school in Cairo.
When ICZN validated the name Schistosoma haematobium in 1954, it specifically recommended that the disease be called bilharziasis. [43] Following the valid scientific name, schistosomiasis became widely used, [45] and the name urinary schistosomiasis is also commonly used to differentiate it from other schistosome infections. [46] [47] `
Most prominent is schistosomiasis, in which the eggs of the flatworm Schistosoma haematobium can become lodged in the bladder wall, causing chronic bladder inflammation and repeated bladder infections. [55] In places with endemic schistosomiasis, up to 16% of bladder cancer cases are caused by prior Schistosoma infection. [55]