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The Republic of Karelia, [a] Karjala or Karelia [13] (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) [14] is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. [14] The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District , and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population ...
Karelia was the only Soviet republic that was "demoted" from an SSR to an ASSR within the Russian SFR. Unlike autonomous republics, soviets republics had the constitutional right to secede . The possible fear of secession, as well as the Russian ethnic majority in Karelia may have resulted in its "demotion."
Karelia stretches from the White Sea coast to the Gulf of Finland. It contains the two largest lakes in Europe, Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega. The Karelian Isthmus is located between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga. The highest point of Karelia, the 576 metres (1,890 ft) high Nuorunen, is located on the Russian side of the Maanselka hill ...
Aerial view of Murmansk, 1936 War destruction in Murmansk (1942) Central part of Murmansk. Murmansk was the last city founded in the Russian Empire. [16] In 1915, World War I needs led to the construction of the railroad from Petrozavodsk to an ice-free location on the Murman Coast in the Russian Arctic, to which Russia's allies shipped military supplies. [3]
The Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, [a] Karelian ASSR [b] for short, sometimes referred to as Soviet Karelia, East Karelia or simply Karelia, was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union, with its capital in Petrozavodsk. It existed from 25 July 1923 to 31 March 1940 and again from 6 July 1956 to 13 ...
Map showing areas ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union; Porkkala was returned to Finland in 1956. The Karelian question or Karelian issue (Finnish: Karjala-kysymys, Swedish: Karelska frågan, Russian: Карельский вопрос) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over eastern Karelia and other territories ceded to the Soviet Union in the Winter War ...
The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic was established by the Soviet government on 31 March 1940 by merging the KASSR with the Finnish Democratic Republic.The latter was created in territory ceded by Finland in the Winter War by the Moscow Peace Treaty, namely the Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia, including the cities of Viipuri and Sortavala.
There had been uprisings in White Karelia as early as 1920. After British forces left Karelia, Karelian ethnic nationalists arranged a meeting in Ukhta (now Kalevala, Russia) in March–April 1920 where they elected 117 representatives. In the meeting they decided that White Karelia should become an independent nation.