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The Lorentz factor or Lorentz term (also known as the gamma factor [1]) is a dimensionless quantity expressing how much the measurements of time, length, and other physical properties change for an object while it moves. The expression appears in several equations in special relativity, and it arises in derivations of the Lorentz transformations.
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
In physics, the gyromagnetic ratio (also sometimes known as the magnetogyric ratio [1] in other disciplines) of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol γ, gamma.
Defining equation (physical chemistry) List of electromagnetism equations; List of equations in classical mechanics; List of equations in quantum mechanics; List of equations in wave theory; List of photonics equations; List of relativistic equations; Relativistic wave equations
The above definition is the approach used to develop rigorous expressions from equations of state (such as Peng–Robinson), which match experimental values so closely that there is little need to develop a database of ratios or C V values. Values can also be determined through finite-difference approximation.
Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI unit Dimension Temperature gradient: No standard symbol K⋅m −1: ΘL −1: Thermal conduction rate, thermal current, thermal/heat flux, thermal power transfer
Classical mechanics is the branch of physics used to describe the motion of macroscopic objects. [1] It is the most familiar of the theories of physics. The concepts it covers, such as mass, acceleration, and force, are commonly used and known. [2]
Transitions between excited states (or excited states and the ground state) of a nuclide lead to the emission of gamma quanta. These can be classified by their multipolarity. [1] There are two kinds: electric and magnetic multipole radiation. Each of these, being electromagnetic radiation, consists of an electric and a magnetic field.