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Photochemical smog, often referred to as "summer smog", is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone. [21] Photochemical smog depends on primary pollutants as well as the formation of secondary pollutants.
In organic chemistry, peroxyacyl nitrates (also known as Acyl peroxy nitrates, APN or PANs) are powerful respiratory and eye irritants present in photochemical smog. They are nitrates produced in the thermal equilibrium between organic peroxy radicals by the gas -phase oxidation of a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or by aldehydes ...
It is a secondary pollutant present in photochemical smog. [1] It is thermally unstable and decomposes into peroxyethanoyl radicals and nitrogen dioxide gas. [2] It is a lachrymatory substance, meaning that it irritates the lungs and eyes. [3] Peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN, is an oxidant that is more stable than ozone. Hence, it is more capable ...
The presence of photochemical smog increases during the summer when the incident solar radiation is higher. The emitted hydrocarbons from industrial activities and transportation react with NO x quickly and increase the concentration of ozone and peroxide compounds, especially peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN).
Ground-level ozone is both naturally occurring and anthropogenically formed. It is the primary constituent of urban smog, forming naturally as a secondary pollutant through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of bright sunshine with high temperatures. [35]
Sarah Brekke, M.S., Better Homes & Gardens Test Kitchen brand manager. Donald Schaffner, Ph.D., professor of food microbiology and extension specialist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New ...
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Nitrogen dioxide, a large contributor to the production of smog. Nitrogen dioxide can also be photolytically cleaved by photons of wavelength less than 400 nm [2] producing atomic oxygen and nitric oxide. NO 2 → NO + O. Atomic oxygen is a highly reactive species, and can abstract a H atom from anything, including water. O + H 2 O → 2 ·OH