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Twentieth Century Communism is a bi-annual peer-reviewed academic journal for "an international forum for the latest research" focusing on the "Russian revolution (1917–1991) and on the activities of communist parties themselves" but extending to antecedents, rivals (including political groups and nation states), and cultural and political influences.
At the start of the 20th century, the Russian Empire was an autocracy controlled by Tsar Nicholas II, with millions of the country's largely agrarian population living in abject poverty. The anti-communist historian Robert Service noted that "poverty and oppression constituted the best soil for Marxism to grow in". [110]
The passport system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was an organisational framework of the single national civil registration system based upon identification documents, and managed in accordance with the laws by ministries and other governmental bodies authorised by the Constitution of the USSR in the sphere of internal affairs.
A number of late-20th- and 21st-century writers have commented on the Communist Manifesto ' s continuing relevance. In a special issue of the Socialist Register commemorating the Manifesto ' s 150th anniversary, Peter Osborne argued that it was "the single most influential text written in the nineteenth century". [18]
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism became the name for the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party and of other Communist parties, which broke off from national Communist parties, after the Sino–Soviet split, especially when the split was finalised by 1963.
Reed was the international delegate of the former, wrote its manifesto and platform, edited its paper, The Voice of Labor, and was denounced as "Jack the Liar" in the Communist Party organ, The Communist. Reed's writings of 1919 displayed doubts about Western-style democracy and defended the dictatorship of the proletariat. He believed this was ...
The Chronicle of the 20th Century is a book franchise created by the German journalist and publisher Bodo Harenberg in the 1980s and licensed around the world. It consists of a month-by-month chronicle of the events of the twentieth century, with each entry written as though it were a contemporary news report. Books under this title were ...
The Communist International, 1919–43 (3 Vols. 1956); documents; online vol 1 1919–22; vol 2 1923–28 (PDF). Degras, Jane Tabrisky. ed. Soviet documents on foreign policy (1978). Eudin, Xenia Joukoff, and Harold Henry Fisher, eds. Soviet Russia and the West, 1920–1927: A Documentary Survey (Stanford University Press, 1957) online