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Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...
Especially in the early stages of reading, decoding involves mapping letters in the word to their corresponding sounds, and then combining those sounds to form a verbal word. Encoding: a process used in spelling: is similar, although the process goes in the opposite direction, with the word's verbal representation is encoded in a written form.
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
Text segmentation is the process of dividing written text into meaningful units, such as words, sentences, or topics. The term applies both to mental processes used by humans when reading text, and to artificial processes implemented in computers, which are the subject of natural language processing .
The simple view of reading is that reading is the product of decoding and language comprehension. In this context, “reading” refers to “reading comprehension”, “decoding” is simply recognition of written words [1] and “language comprehension” means understanding language, whether spoken or written.
The National Reading Panel has found that phonemic awareness improves children's word reading and reading comprehension and helps children learn to spell. [1] Phonemic awareness is the basis for learning phonics. [2] Phonemic awareness and phonological awareness are often confused since they are interdependent.
As a result, the brain adapts to the challenge of reading. The process of reading involves most of the brain, especially an interconnection between visual areas and language areas; but also neural systems related to action, emotion, decision-making, and memory. [2] [3] The science of reading (SOR) is the discipline that studies reading. [4]
Synthetic phonics refers to a family of programmes which aim to teach reading and writing through the following methods: [2] Teaching students the correspondence between written letters and speech sounds (), known as “grapheme/phoneme correspondences” or “GPCs” or simply “letter-sounds”.