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The Natal cycad is dioecious, having male and female cones on separate plants. The male cones are velvety and about 45 by 11 cm (18 by 4 in) in size. Pollen is produced from April to June. The two or three female cones are slightly woolly, yellowish-green and cylindrical, 55 by 25 cm (22 by 10 in) in size, the scales being covered with small knobs.
Encephalartos is a genus of cycad native to Africa. Several species of Encephalartos are commonly referred to as bread trees , [ 2 ] bread palms [ 3 ] or kaffir bread , [ 4 ] since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem.
This species is known to form fertile hybrids with E. natalensis, and a backcrossing technique can be used: if each offspring is subsequently crossed with E. woodii and the process is then repeated, after several generations, female offspring will be closer to what a female Encephalartos woodii would be like. [4]
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♂ Encephalartos lanatus Afrikaans: Olifantsrivierbroodboom met vier manlike keëls in die Manie van der Schijff Botaniese Tuin, Pretoria. 'n Vroulike plant sal slegs een groot keël vorm. English: Woolly cycad with four male cones in the Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden, Pretoria.
The female cones are of the same shape but have a diameter of 12-15 centimeters. Each cone is supported by a 2-3 centimeter long peduncle, and each plant can produce between one and four cones. The seeds are oval or oblong, measuring 25-30 millimeters in length, and are covered with a yellow sarcotesta .
Encephalartos ghellinckii Lem. or Drakensberg cycad is endemic to South Africa, and is one of about 70 species found in sub-Saharan Africa. Strongly associated with the Natal Drakensberg , this 3m tall evergreen species is found from the foothills to fairly high altitudes, growing on stream banks, steep grassy slopes and sandstone outcrops .