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Three types of nasal sprays preparations of sodium chloride are available including hypertonic (3% sodium chloride or sea water), isotonic (0.9% sodium chloride) and hypotonic (0.65% sodium chloride). Isotonic solutions have the same salt concentration as the human body, whereas hypertonic solutions have a higher salt content and hypotonic ...
Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
[3] [4] It is used to treat the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [3] It is used by inhaler or nebulizer. [3] Onset of action is typically within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts for three to five hours. [3] The nasal spray prevents the glands in the nose from producing large amounts of fluid.
Nasal irrigation (also called nasal lavage, nasal toilet, or nasal douche) is a personal hygiene practice in which the nasal cavity is washed to flush out mucus and debris from the nose and sinuses, in order to enhance nasal breathing.
Hypertonic saline solution has been choice of neuro critical care for the past few years. [1] Hypertonic Saline solution used varies and could be 3%, 7.5%, 10%, or 24.3% saline solution. [ 5 ] When Hypertonic Solution is administered, the dosage is 2 g/kg.
[49] [50] When nebulized, budesonide has an bioavailability of 6% and reaches C max within 1–3 hours. [50] [49] When formulated as a rectal foam, budesonide has an bioavailability of 3% to 27% and reaches C max around 1.5 hours. [51] The plasma protein binding of budesonide is around 85-90%, with an apparent volume of distribution of 2.2-3.9L/kg.
Although the annual per capita income of Bangladesh has been increasing, around 9–13% of the total labour force in Bangladesh still consists of children aged 5–14. [7] [9] [12] In a 2013 statistical report, UNICEF estimates that around 43.3% of the population in Bangladesh is currently living below the international poverty line. [13]
Meropenem, sold under the brand name Merrem among others, is an intravenous carbapenem antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. [3] Some of these include meningitis, intra-abdominal infection, pneumonia, sepsis, and anthrax.