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Hawaiian honeycreepers (Fringillidae), of the subfamily Carduelinae, were once quite abundant in all forests throughout Hawai'i. [1] This group of birds historically consisted of at least 51 species. Less than half of Hawaii's previously extant species of honeycreeper still exist. [ 1 ]
The lineage of the recently extinct po'ouli (Melamprosops) was the most ancient of the Hawaiian honeycreeper lineages to survive to recent times, diverging about 5.7–5.8 million years ago. The lineage containing Oreomystis and Paroreomyza was the second to diverge, diverging about a million years after the po'ouli's lineage.
The poʻo-uli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) [3] or Hawaiian black-faced honeycreeper is an extinct species of passerine bird that was endemic to the island of Maui in Hawaiʻi. It is considered to be a member of the Hawaiian honeycreepers, and is the only member of its genus Melamprosops. It had a black head, brown upper parts and pale gray underparts.
The Maui nukupuʻu (Hemignathus affinis) is a species of nukupuʻu Hawaiian honeycreeper that was endemic to the island of Maui in the Hawaiian Islands.The small, five-inch-long bird lived only in eastern Maui, where it was dependent on high-elevation mesic and wet forests of ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) and koa ().
There are 5 species in this genus, 4 of which are extinct or possibly extinct: Maui nukupuʻu, Hemignathus affinis - critically endangered or extinct, debated 1896 or 1990s [2] Kauaʻi nukupuʻu, Hemignathus hanapepe - critically endangered or extinct, debated 1899 or 1990s [3] Oʻahu nukupuʻu, Hemignathus lucidus - extinct, 1800s [4]
This is a List of adaptive radiated Hawaiian honeycreepers by form; these are the Hawaiian honeycreepers, especially the extinct forms, lost through late-European colonization. (These are adaptive radiative equivalents.)
The agency proposed delisting the 21 species from the ESA in September 2021 because of their likely extinction, according to the release, which says the ESA has been in effect for the past 50 years.
Paroreomyza, along with Oreomystis (although their alliance is disputed), [2] is the second most basal genus of Hawaiian honeycreeper to survive to recent times, with the most basal being the recently extinct poʻouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma), with Paroreomyza and Oreomystis having diverged from the rest of the lineage about 4.7 million years ago.