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The German language normally uses f to indicate the sound /f/ (as used in the English word fight) and w to indicate the sound /v/ (as in victory). However, v does occur in a large number of German words, where its pronunciation is /f/ in some words but /v/ in others.
The voicing was lost again in the late Middle Ages, but the v still remains in certain words such as in Vogel (cf. Scandinavian fugl or English fowl) 'bird' (hence, v is sometimes called Vogel-vau), viel 'much'. For further information, see Pronunciation of v in German. w : The letter w represents the sound /v/.
There is no consensus on when the High German consonant shift occurred; it probably began between the 3rd and 5th centuries and was complete before the first written examples in Old High German, the earliest recorded stage of High German, were produced in the 8th century. There is also no consensus on where or how the shift proceeded.
Abbreviations: German written abbreviations are often punctuated and are pronounced as the full word when read aloud, such as beispielsweise for bspw. ("for example"). Unlike English, which is moving away from periods in abbreviations in some style guides, the placement of capital letters and periods is important in German. [1]
German sentence structure is the structure to which the German language adheres. The basic sentence in German follows SVO word order. [1] Additionally, German, like all west Germanic languages except English, [note 1] uses V2 word order, though only in independent clauses. In dependent clauses, the finite verb is placed last.
Fraktur is still used among traditional Anabaptists to print German texts, while Kurrent is used as hand writing for German texts. Groups that use both forms of traditional German script are the Amish, Old Order Mennonites, Hutterites, and traditional Plautdietsch-speaking Mennonites who live mostly in Latin America today. [citation needed]
In contemporary German, it represents /v/ in most loanwords, while in native German words, it always represents /f/. In standard Dutch, it traditionally represents /v/, but in many regions, it represents /f/ in some or all positions. In the Latinization of the Cherokee syllabary, v represents a nasalized schwa, /ə̃/.
German and Austrian speakers tend to be variably rhotic when using English loanwords. [citation needed] English /w/ is often replaced with German /v/ e.g. Whisk(e)y [ˈvɪskiː]. word-initial /s/ is often retained (especially in the South, where word-initial /s/ is common), [126] but many speakers replace it with /z/ e.g. Sound [zaʊ̯nt].