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Sigismund von Herberstein (1486–1566) observed that the titles of kaiser and imperator were attempts to render the Russian term tsar into German and Latin, respectively. [15] [full citation needed] The title-inflation related to Russia's growing ambitions to become an Orthodox "third Rome", after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
The emperor and autocrat of all Russia [1] (Russian: Император и Самодержец Всероссийский, romanized: Imperator i Samoderzhets Vserossiyskiy, IPA: [ɪm⁽ʲ⁾pʲɪˈratər ɪ səmɐˈdʲerʐɨt͡s fsʲɪrɐˈsʲijskʲɪj]), [a] also translated as emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, [2] was the official title of the Russian monarch from 1721 to 1917.
Kaiser, derived from Caesar, primarily used in Germanic countries. The feminine form in German is Kaiserin. Tsar / Tzar / Csar / Czar , derived as shortened variant of the Slavic pronunciation of Caesar ( tsyasar ), the feminine form is Tsaritsa , primarily used in Bulgaria, and after that in Russia and other Slavic countries, although in ...
The Time of Troubles came to a close with the election of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613. [95] Michael officially reigned as tsar, though his father, the patriarch Philaret (died 1633) initially held de facto power. However, Michael's descendants would rule Russia, first as tsars and later as emperors, until the Russian Revolution of 1917.
If two of them were allied, then the third would ally with Germany only if Germany conceded excessive demands. The solution was to ally with two of the three. In 1873 he formed the League of the Three Emperors, an alliance of the Kaisers of Germany and Austria-Hungary and the Tsar of Russia.
The Tsar of all Russia, formally the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, [a] [1] was the title of the Russian monarch from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a tsardom . The first Russian monarch to be crowned as tsar was Ivan IV , who had held the title of sovereign and grand prince . [ 2 ]
Der Kaiser is the nickname of both Franz Beckenbauer, a German footballer active in the 1960s and 1970s who captained West Germany to the 1974 World Cup title, [10] and of the Austrian ski racer and 1976 Olympic champion Franz Klammer - both in an allusion to the Austrian Kaiser Franz I.
Czar, sometimes spelled tsar, is an informal title used for certain high-level officials in the United States, Canada and United Kingdom, typically granted broad power to address a particular issue. The title is usually treated as gender-neutral, though the technically correct Bulgarian term for a female title holder would be czarina .