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An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports.
A fixed arch bridge, that is one without hinges, exerts a bending moment at the abutments and stresses caused by change of temperature or shrinkage of concrete have to be taken up by the arch. A two-hinged arch has a hinge at the base of each arch (the springing point), while a three-hinged arch has a third hinge at the crown of the arch. [3]
An example is the Fremont Bridge in Portland, Oregon which is the second-longest tied-arch bridge in the world and also classifies as a through arch bridge. The Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing is a tied-arch, through arch and a truss arch bridge. Contrarily, the Hart Bridge uses a cantilevered trussed arch, it is self-anchored, but its arch is ...
The Hernando de Soto Bridge is a tied-arch bridge carrying Interstate 40 across the Mississippi River between West Memphis, Arkansas, and Memphis, Tennessee.The design is a continuous cantilevered cable-stayed steel through arch, with bedstead endposts.
A truss arch bridge combines the elements of the truss bridge and the arch bridge. The actual resolution of forces will depend upon the bridge' design . [ 1 ] If no horizontal thrusting forces are generated, this becomes an arch-shaped truss which is essentially a bent beam – see moon bridge for an example.
The Whipple Cast and Wrought Iron Bowstring Truss Bridge over Norman's Kill in Albany, New York, is a very well preserved example of a Whipple Bowstring Arch Truss. Constructed by S. DeGraff of Syracuse, New York, 1867–69, it is still in daily use, with no posted weight limits. Due to the sleek appearance, many users think it is a modern bridge.
The Chinese arch bridge reached its apogee in Fujian, where it was constructed with extremely thin arches. The Xiao Bridge, constructed in 1470, has a free height of 7.2 meters with an arch thickness of only 20 centimeters, which is half the thickness of a typical arch. [28] It remains in use today, supporting contemporary traffic.
In Japan, tied arch bridges with crossing hangers are wrongly called Nielsen-Lohse bridge. Engineer Octavius F. Nielsen applied for a patent on tied arches with inclined hanger rods in 1926. This bridge type was then built about 60 times, primarily in Sweden. None of these bridges had crossed hangers. [3]