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  2. General number field sieve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_number_field_sieve

    Now the product of the factors a − mb mod n can be obtained as a square in two ways—one for each homomorphism. Thus, one can find two numbers x and y , with x 2 − y 2 divisible by n and again with probability at least one half we get a factor of n by finding the greatest common divisor of n and x − y .

  3. Fermat's factorization method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_factorization_method

    Fermat's factorization method, named after Pierre de Fermat, is based on the representation of an odd integer as the difference of two squares: N = a 2 − b 2 . {\displaystyle N=a^{2}-b^{2}.} That difference is algebraically factorable as ( a + b ) ( a − b ) {\displaystyle (a+b)(a-b)} ; if neither factor equals one, it is a proper ...

  4. Pollard's p − 1 algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollard%27s_p_%E2%88%92_1...

    Pollard's p − 1 algorithm is a number theoretic integer factorization algorithm, invented by John Pollard in 1974. It is a special-purpose algorithm, meaning that it is only suitable for integers with specific types of factors; it is the simplest example of an algebraic-group factorisation algorithm.

  5. Factorization algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_algebra

    In mathematics and mathematical physics, a factorization algebra is an algebraic structure first introduced by Beilinson and Drinfel'd in an algebro-geometric setting as a reformulation of chiral algebras, [1] and also studied in a more general setting by Costello and Gwilliam to study quantum field theory.

  6. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    The polynomial x 2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b).. In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind.

  7. Factorization system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_system

    A factorization system (E, M) for a category C consists of two classes of morphisms E and M of C such that: E and M both contain all isomorphisms of C and are closed under composition. Every morphism f of C can be factored as f = m ∘ e {\displaystyle f=m\circ e} for some morphisms e ∈ E {\displaystyle e\in E} and m ∈ M {\displaystyle m\in ...

  8. Factorization of polynomials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_of_polynomials

    This factorization is also unique up to the choice of a sign. For example, + + + = + + + is a factorization into content and primitive part. Gauss proved that the product of two primitive polynomials is also primitive (Gauss's lemma). This implies that a primitive polynomial is irreducible over the rationals if and only if it is irreducible ...

  9. Euler's factorization method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_factorization_method

    Euler's factorization method is a technique for factoring a number by writing it as a sum of two squares in two different ways. For example the number 1000009 {\displaystyle 1000009} can be written as 1000 2 + 3 2 {\displaystyle 1000^{2}+3^{2}} or as 972 2 + 235 2 {\displaystyle 972^{2}+235^{2}} and Euler's method gives the factorization ...