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This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Procedural Generic Reflective Other paradigms Standardized; 1C:Enterprise programming language: Application, RAD, business, general, web, mobile: Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Object-based, Prototype-based programming No ActionScript: Application, client-side, web Yes Yes Yes Yes No No prototype-based: Yes
A study by Potok et al. has shown no significant difference in productivity between OOP and procedural approaches. [56] Luca Cardelli has claimed that OOP code is "intrinsically less efficient" than procedural code and that OOP can take longer to compile. [41]
An important distinction is that while procedural involves procedures to operate on data structures, OOP bundles the two together. An object is a data structure and the behavior associated with that data structure. [3] Some OOP languages support the class concept which allows for creating an object based on a definition.
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Object-oriented programming is executing operations on objects. [22] Object-oriented languages support a syntax to model subset/superset relationships. In set theory, an element of a subset inherits all the attributes contained in the superset. For example, a student is a person. Therefore, the set of students is a subset of the set of persons.
The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP. [ 1 ] For example, C++ is a multi- paradigm language including OOP; [ 2 ] however, it is less object-oriented than other languages such as Python [ 3 ] and Ruby .
Where a sequential program can be imagined as a single worker moving between tasks (operations), a dataflow program is more like a series of workers on an assembly line, each doing a specific task whenever materials are available. Since the operations are only concerned with the availability of data inputs, they have no hidden state to track ...