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A dislocated shoulder is a condition in which the head of the humerus is detached from the glenoid fossa. [2] Symptoms include shoulder pain and instability. [ 2 ] Complications may include a Bankart lesion , Hill-Sachs lesion , rotator cuff tear , or injury to the axillary nerve .
The sulcus sign is an orthopedic evaluation test for glenohumeral instability of the shoulder. With the arm straight and relaxed to the side of the patient, the elbow is grasped and traction is applied in an inferior direction.
Inspection; Palpation of sternoclavicular joint, clavicle, acromioclavicular joint, subacromial bursa, bicipital tendon.; Evaluation of passive and active range of motion: Neck range of motion should be assessed that may reveal a neck source of shoulder pain.
In a typical case of a dislocated shoulder, a strong force that pulls the shoulder outward (abduction) or extreme rotation of the joint pops the ball of the humerus out of the shoulder socket. Dislocation commonly occurs when there is a backward pull on the arm that either catches the muscles unprepared to resist or overwhelms the muscles.
Dislocated shoulder. Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common type of shoulder dislocation, accounting for at least 90% of shoulder dislocations. [4] [38] Anterior shoulder dislocations have a recurrence rate around 39%, with younger age at initial dislocation, male sex, and joint hyperlaxity being risk factors for increased recurrence ...
Its presence is a specific sign of dislocation and can thus be used as an indicator that dislocation has occurred even if the joint has regained its normal alignment. Large, engaging Hill-Sachs fractures can contribute to shoulder instability and will often cause painful clicking, catching, or popping.