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In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. [1] Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants , algae , fungi and protozoa . [ 2 ]
Spore is a 2008 life simulation real-time ... and AIG announced the development of a Spore film on October 1, 2009. The adaptation would be a CGI-animated film ...
Spore is a video game developed by Maxis and designed by Will Wright, released in September 2008.The game has drawn wide attention for its ability to simulate the development of a species on a galactic scope, using its innovation of user-guided evolution via the use of procedural generation for many of the components of the game, providing vast scope and open-ended gameplay.
A major challenge to land adaptation would have been the absence of appropriate soil. [14] Throughout the fossil record, soil is preserved, giving information on what early soils were like. Before land plants, the soil on land was poor in resources essential for life like nitrogen and phosphorus and had little capacity for holding water.
By contrast, species of the family Dendrocerotaceae may begin dividing within the spore, becoming multicellular and even photosynthetic before the spore germinates. [21] In either case, the protonema is a transitory stage in the life of a hornwort. Life cycle of a typical hornwort Phaeoceros. Click on the image to enlarge.
By contrast in exosporous plants, including modern ferns, the gametophytes break the spore wall open on germination and develop outside it. The megagametophytes of endosporic plants such as the seed ferns developed within the sporangia of the parent sporophyte, producing a miniature multicellular female gametophyte complete with female sex ...
The retention of gametophytes within the spore wall additionally provided advantages for selection in ecological settings after fertilization. The support provided by the spore wall, which is similar but not as advanced as an ovule, increased reproductive success allowing for strong selective advantages during competition. Larger, enclosed ...
The evolutionary adaptation from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle necessitated a diversification of ecological strategies for obtaining nutrients, including parasitism, saprobism, and the development of mutualistic relationships such as mycorrhiza and lichenization. [16]