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Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Dehulled and defatted soybeans are processed into three kinds of high protein commercial products: soy flour, concentrates, and isolates. Soy protein isolate has been used since 1959 in foods for its functional properties.
TVP is usually made from high (50%) soy protein, soy flour or concentrate, but can also be made from cottonseed, wheat, and oats.It is extruded into various shapes (chunks, flakes, nuggets, grains, and strips) and sizes, exiting the nozzle while still hot and expanding as it does so. [1]
Soy protein isolates or soybean flour and gluten are usually used as foundation for most meat substitutes that are available on the market. Soy protein isolate is a highly pure form of soy protein with a minimum protein content of 90%. The process of extracting the protein from the soybeans starts with the dehulling, or decortication, of the seeds.
Natural protein concentrates (often used in bodybuilding or as sports dietary supplements): Soy protein isolate (prepared with sodium or potassium): 80.66; Whey protein isolate: 79; Egg white, dried: 81.1; Spirulina alga, dried: 57.45 (more often quoted as 55 to 77) Baker's yeast: 38.33; Hemp husks 30
It is the starting material for soy concentrate and protein isolate production. Soy flour can also be made by roasting the soybean, removing the coat (hull), and grinding it into flour. Soy flour is manufactured with different fat levels. [167] Alternatively, raw soy flour omits the roasting step.
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