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Square number 16 as sum of gnomons. In mathematics, a square number or perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer; [1] in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself. For example, 9 is a square number, since it equals 3 2 and can be written as 3 × 3.
The square x 2 of a number x is less than x (that is x 2 < x) if and only if 0 < x < 1, that is, if x belongs to the open interval (0,1). This implies that the square of an integer is never less than the original number x. Every positive real number is the square of exactly two numbers, one of which is strictly positive and the other of which ...
Consequently, a square number is also triangular if and only if + is square, that is, there are numbers and such that =. This is an instance of the Pell equation x 2 − n y 2 = 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}-ny^{2}=1} with n = 8 {\displaystyle n=8} .
Yang Hui 8 magic circles in a square 八阵图. 64 numbers (1–64) are arranged in eight circles, each with eight numbers; each circle sums to 260. ... 40 + 24 + 9 ...
An extension of the above example for Orders 8 and 12 First generate a pattern table, where a '1' indicates selecting from the square where the numbers are written in order 1 to n 2 (left-to-right, top-to-bottom), and a '0' indicates selecting from the square where the numbers are written in reverse order n 2 to 1.
A number that has the same number of digits as the number of digits in its prime factorization, including exponents but excluding exponents equal to 1. A046758 Extravagant numbers
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If two numbers (whose average is a number which is easily squared) are multiplied, the difference of two squares can be used to give you the product of the original two numbers. For example: 27 × 33 = ( 30 − 3 ) ( 30 + 3 ) {\displaystyle 27\times 33=(30-3)(30+3)}