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Environmental Protection Agency illustration of the water cycle of hydraulic fracturing. Fracking in the United States began in 1949. [1] According to the Department of Energy (DOE), by 2013 at least two million oil and gas wells in the US had been hydraulically fractured, and that of new wells being drilled, up to 95% are hydraulically fractured.
Many oil and gas companies contend that the regulations currently in place are sufficient. The June 2015 draft report of an ongoing EPA study on fracking effects on drinking water listed a number of mechanisms by which fracking can degrade drinking water. The draft report noted among its major findings:
Hydraulic fracturing [a] is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum ...
As California struggles with record-breaking drought, and as water stress increasingly affects broad swathes of the U.S., a new report out today shows that some hydraulic fracturing companies and ...
In the past, when companies were using conventional oil and gas drilling — a practice that poses equivalent risk of localized pollution to land or water supplies to fracking but uses much less ...
Hydraulic fracking without the water? Photo credit: Flickr/Snap Opponents of hydraulic fracturing have many criticisms of the process. From the chemicals injected into the ground to the heavy ...
A type of fracking technique called slickwater fracking was used in Texas in 1998 to complete natural gas wells in the Barnett Shale. [121] This type of completion was made possible by a number of advances in directional drilling and microseismic 3-dimensional imaging supported by the Department of Energy and other federal agencies, [ 122 ...
The measure would immediately block a Texas company that wants to use the method as an alternative to hydraulic fracturing with a water-based solution. The state Senate is expected to vote this week.