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Calculus can form both along the gumline, where it is referred to as supragingival (' above the gum '), and within the narrow sulcus that exists between the teeth and the gingiva, where it is referred to as subgingival (' below the gum '). Calculus formation is associated with a number of clinical manifestations, including bad breath, receding ...
Gracey curettes are especially ideal for subgingival calculus removal because the design of the instrument allows for better adaptation to the anatomy of the roots. [ 3 ] While the blade of the universal curette is situated perpendicular to the edge of the terminal shank, the blade of the Gracey curette is only offset by 70 degrees, giving the ...
It is commonly found between the teeth, on the front of teeth, behind teeth, on chewing surfaces, along the gumline (supragingival), or below the gumline cervical margins (subgingival). [1] Dental plaque is also known as microbial plaque, oral biofilm, dental biofilm, dental plaque biofilm or bacterial plaque biofilm.
An 11/12 type explorer is a double-ended dental assessment instrument with mirror image working-ends. [4] The 11/12 dental explorer should be considered a dental hygienists most important instrument for the detection of subgingival and supragingival calculus.
A periodontal pocket contains dental plaque, bacteria and subgingival calculus. [6] Periodontal pathogens continually find their way into the soft tissues, but normally they are held in check by the immune system. [7] A periodontal abscess represents a change in this balance, related to decreased local or systemic resistance of the host. [8]
The periodontal therapy carried out at this stage is of a non-surgical approach, which is aimed at the removal of supra- and sub-gingival plaque and calculus deposits, to decrease the microbial load, bacteria biofilm, and calculus from the periodontally involved sites. [50] Scale and Polish; Root Surface Debridement (RSD)
It requires a few appointments, depending on time and clinician skills, for effective removal of supragingival and subgingival calculus, when periodontal pockets are involved. It can assist in periodontal healing and reduce periodontal pocketing by changing the subgingival ecological environment. [ 44 ]
However, in patients who smoke, the gingival tissue rarely bleeds because of unknown factors that do not seem related to dental biofilm and calculus formation. [ 2 ] There are many different types of periodontal probes, and each has its own manner of indicating measurements on the tip of the instrument.