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Other attributes commonly used include: coherence, azimuth, dip, instantaneous amplitude, response amplitude, response phase, instantaneous bandwidth, AVO, and spectral decomposition. A seismic attribute that can indicate the presence or absence of hydrocarbons is known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator.
Quantitative seismic attribute analysis of amplitude versus offset effects is complicated by anelastic attenuation because it is superimposed upon the AVO effects. [3] The rate of anelastic attenuation itself also contains additional information about the lithology and reservoir conditions such as porosity , saturation and pore pressure so it ...
Seismic attribute analysis involves extracting or deriving a quantity from seismic data that can be analysed in order to enhance information that might be more subtle in a traditional seismic image, leading to a better geological or geophysical interpretation of the data. [50]
Generic Mapping Tools [16] Map generation and analysis Lamont–Doherty and University of Hawaii: GPL: Cross-platform: C: Implemented in OpendTect GPlates [17] Interactive visualization of plate tectonics University of Sydney, Caltech, NGU: GPL: Cross-platform: C++, Python: Implements GPML: OpenStereo [18] [19] Geoscience plotting tool
This is known as a Common Midpoint Gather [8] (a midpoint being the area of the subsurface that a seismic wave reflects off before returning to the receiver) and in a typical seismic reflection processing workflow, the average amplitude would be calculated along the time sample, in a process known as "stacking". This process significantly ...
Semblance analysis is a process used in the refinement and study of seismic data. The use of this technique along with other methods makes it possible to greatly increase the resolution of the data despite the presence of background noise. The new data received following the semblance analysis is usually easier to interpret when trying to ...
Seismic data is band-limited, reducing resolution and quality. To extend the frequency band available, low-frequency data is derived from log data, pre-stack depth or time migrated velocities and/or a regional gradient. [5] High frequency can be derived from well control or geostatistical analysis.
Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building (or nonbuilding) structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design , earthquake engineering or structural assessment and retrofit (see structural engineering ) in regions where earthquakes are prevalent.