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Hydronics (from Ancient Greek hydro- 'water') is the use of liquid water or gaseous water or a water solution (usually glycol with water) as a heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name differentiates such systems from oil and refrigerant systems.
Hydronic balancing, also called hydraulic balancing, is the process of optimizing the distribution of water in a building's hydronic heating or cooling system by equalizing the system pressure. In a balanced system every radiator is set to receive the proper amount of fluid in order to provide the intended indoor climate at optimum energy ...
Circulator pumps as used in hydronic systems are usually electrically powered centrifugal pumps. As used in homes, they are often small, sealed, and rated at a fraction of a horsepower , but in commercial applications they range in size up to many horsepower and the electric motor is usually separated from the pump body by some form of ...
As hydronic systems have changed, the necessary valve sizing calculations have also changed. Variable flow systems require new calculations, new terminology and, most importantly, new technology. The aim when sizing control valves is to find the perfect valve solution for the system.
Revisions to the sizing requirements for natural gas and propane piping systems; Modifications to the pressure rating requirements for hydronic piping applications; New requirements for fuel gas piping appliance shutoff valves, test pressure and overpressure protection devices; New tube fastener provisions for radiant heating and cooling
Domestic hydronic heating and cooling systems generally include an expansion tank to buffer pressure changes due to expansion and contraction of the water used for heat transfer. A minimum pressure of 28–34 kPa; 0.28–0.34 bar (4–5 psi) at the top of a closed hydronic system is suggested. [3]