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Fatima bint Muhammad (Arabic: فَاطِمَة بِنْت مُحَمَّد, romanized: Fāṭima bint Muḥammad; 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fatima al-Zahra' (Arabic: فَاطِمَة ٱلزَّهْرَاء, romanized: Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija. [1]
Daughters of Muhammad all reached adulthood but only Fatima survived her father. Citing, among others, the advanced age of Khadija, some Twelver Shia sources contend that Fatima was the only biological daughter of Muhammad, as she is known to have enjoyed a close relationship with Muhammad, unlike Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum, and Zaynab.
Fatima married Muhammad's cousin Ali in 1 or 2 AH (623-5 CE), [9] [10] possibly after the Battle of Badr. [11] There is evidence in Sunni and Shia sources that some of the companions, including Abu Bakr and Umar, had earlier asked for Fatima's hand in marriage but were turned down by Muhammad, [12] [10] [13] who said he was waiting for the moment fixed by destiny. [14]
Laith, an Iraqi child in the middle of a war-torn country at the hands of ISIS, after losing his mother, finds himself a new home with an elderly woman who tells him the story of Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, from the Shia perspective, explaining how she was the first victim of terrorism. [5] [6]
The Fatimid dynasty claimed descent from Fatimah, the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.The dynasty legitimized its claim through descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter and her husband Ali, the first Shī'a Imām, hence the dynasty's name, fāṭimiyy (Arabic: فَاطِمِيّ), the Arabic relative adjective for "Fāṭima".
These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of Sharīf (often synonymous to Sayyid). [1] From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule. [2]
As the historian of Shi'a Islam Heinz Halm comments, "The alleged descent of the dynasty from Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muhammad's daughter Fatima has been called into question by contemporaries from the very beginning and cannot be proven", [10] while Michael Brett, an expert on the Fatimids, asserts that "a factual answer to the question of their ...
Juz' Unkhat al-Nabi Salla Allah 'Alayhi wa Sallam: In this book, Khandlawi explains in detail the marriages of the Wives of Muhammad. He also mentions some of the disputed marriages and the names of some women who were proposed to but the marriages did not take place. Finally, he mentions the marriage of Muhammad's daughter, Fatima, to Ali. [40]