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Amitriptyline is probably effective for the prevention of periodic migraine in adults. Amitriptyline is similar in efficacy to venlafaxine and topiramate but carries a higher burden of adverse effects than topiramate. [16] For many patients, even very small doses of amitriptyline are helpful, which may allow for minimization of side effects. [38]
For example, venlafaxine works alongside its primary metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine to strongly inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake in the brain. The evidence also suggests that dopamine and norepinephrine behave in a co-transportational manner, due to the inactivation of dopamine by norepinephrine reuptake in the frontal cortex ...
They showed that "In terms of efficacy, all antidepressants were more effective than placebo, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging between 2.13 (95% credible interval [CrI] 1.89–2.41) for amitriptyline and 1.37 (1.16–1.63) for reboxetine." [16] The odds ratios were specifically in terms of response rates (≥50% reduction in observer-rated ...
Duloxetine, venlafaxine, and amitriptyline are all FDA-approved for chronic musculoskeletal pain, peripheral neuropathy, and fibromyalgia). [12] [13] [14] Examples: Duloxetine; Venlafaxine; Amitriptyline
Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant medication of the serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. [ 6 ] [ 9 ] It is used to treat major depressive disorder , generalized anxiety disorder , panic disorder , and social anxiety disorder . [ 9 ]
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine (Effexor), its active metabolite desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), and duloxetine (Cymbalta) prevent the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, however their efficacy appears to be only marginally greater than the SSRIs. [218]
The TCAs are used primarily in the clinical treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, and treatment-resistant variants. They are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP) also known as social anxiety ...
Effexor and Effexor XR (venlafaxine) – an antidepressant of the SNRI class Elavil ( amitriptyline ) – a tricyclic antidepressant used as a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain Eurodin , Prosom ( estazolam ) – a benzodiazepine derivative with anxiolytic , anticonvulsant , hypnotic , sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties ...