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Cats can have reactive, primary or secondary seizures. Idiopathic seizures are not as common in cats as in dogs; however, a 2008 study conducted showed that of 91 feline seizures, 25% were suspected to have had idiopathic epilepsy. [11] In the same group of 91 cats, 50% were secondary seizures and 20% reactive. [11]
Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. [4] It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. [3] [8] Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe.
Hypernatremia (high blood sodium level, above 145 mEq/L) causes thirst, and due to brain cell shrinkage may cause confusion, muscle twitching, or spasms. With severe elevation, seizures and comas may occur. [11] [12] Death can be caused by ingestion of large amounts of salt at a time (about 1 g per kg of body weight). [13]
Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is a condition where hyponatremia is associated with a low plasma osmolality. [1] The term "hypotonic hyponatremia" is also sometimes used.[2]When the plasma osmolarity is low, the extracellular fluid volume status may be in one of three states: low volume, normal volume, or high volume.
Cats are carnivores. The kidney is a vital organ with a variety of tasks. It plays an important role in maintaining the water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, in the excretion of toxic metabolic degradation products such as urea and in the recovery of valuable substances such as glucose, amino acids, peptides and minerals initially filtered out of the blood during ultrafiltration in the ...
[3] [6] Provoked seizures have a cause that can be fixed, such as low blood sugar, alcohol withdrawal, high fever, recent stroke, and recent head trauma. [3] [6] Unprovoked seizures have no clear cause or fixable cause. [3] [6] [7] Examples include past strokes, brain tumors, brain vessel malformations, and genetic disorders. [3]
Ragdoll cats fittingly epitomize the rags-to-riches theme, with their development from street cat origins to become arguably the most popular and glamorous feline breed in the world.
Unsuppressed ADH causes a physiologically inappropriate increase in solute-free water being reabsorbed by the tubules of the kidney to the venous circulation leading to hypotonic hyponatremia (a low plasma osmolality and low sodium levels). [2] The causes of SIADH are commonly grouped into categories including: central nervous system diseases ...