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Using the XOR swap algorithm to exchange nibbles between variables without the use of temporary storage. In computer programming, the exclusive or swap (sometimes shortened to XOR swap) is an algorithm that uses the exclusive or bitwise operation to swap the values of two variables without using the temporary variable which is normally required.
To find it, start at such a p 0 containing at least two individuals in their reduced list, and define recursively q i+1 to be the second on p i 's list and p i+1 to be the last on q i+1 's list, until this sequence repeats some p j, at which point a rotation is found: it is the sequence of pairs starting at the first occurrence of (p j, q j ...
The eight queens puzzle is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other; thus, a solution requires that no two queens share the same row, column, or diagonal.
Hereby, the problem of finding the shortest path between every pair of nodes is known as all-pair-shortest-paths (APSP) problem. As sequential algorithms for this problem often yield long runtimes, parallelization has shown to be beneficial in this field. In this article two efficient algorithms solving this problem are introduced.
A central problem in algorithmic graph theory is the shortest path problem.One of the generalizations of the shortest path problem is known as the single-source-shortest-paths (SSSP) problem, which consists of finding the shortest paths from a source vertex to all other vertices in the graph.
2-opt. In optimization, 2-opt is a simple local search algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem.The 2-opt algorithm was first proposed by Croes in 1958, [1] although the basic move had already been suggested by Flood. [2]
Algorithms for finding strongly connected components may be used to solve 2-satisfiability problems (systems of Boolean variables with constraints on the values of pairs of variables): as Aspvall, Plass & Tarjan (1979) showed, a 2-satisfiability instance is unsatisfiable if and only if there is a variable v such that v and its negation are both ...
When the graph has an Eulerian circuit (a closed walk that covers every edge once), that circuit is an optimal solution. Otherwise, the optimization problem is to find the smallest number of graph edges to duplicate (or the subset of edges with the minimum possible total weight) so that the resulting multigraph does have an Eulerian circuit. [ 1 ]