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Xylocarpus is a genus of plants in the mahogany family Meliaceae.It contains 3 described species, all of which are mangroves. [1] [2] The native range of the genus is the coasts of the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean. [3]
Mangroves in general are under threat from coastal development and from harvesting, and another threat is global warming and the consequent rise in sea levels. Xylocarpus granatum is a common species of mangrove with a very wide range, and it is probably not declining at a sufficient fast rate to be included in any threatened category.
The durable wood is used in house construction. It is also used in the manufacture of charcoal, [5] and is favoured as firewood, being second only to Rhizophora spp., and a dye can be extracted from the bark. [1] Among the mangrove species, its bark and sap yield red and black dyes, which are used in batik and tanning leather. [citation needed]
The nature of these deposits depends on the environment and the types of mangroves involved. Termites process fallen leaf litter, root systems and wood from mangroves into peat to build their nests. [35] Termites stabilise the chemistry of this peat and represent approximately 2% of above ground carbon storage in mangroves. [35]
The fruits are button-like (from which the common names derive), 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) diameter, with no petals; they are produced in stalked panicles of 35-56 flowers. The fruit is a cluster of red to brown, small scaly, two-winged cone-like seeds, 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long. The seed heads burst when ripe, and the seeds are dispersed ...
These wood structures keep the xylem sap in high tension to absorb water, resulting in a high sodium chloride concentration and high osmatic potential. [9] Terrestrial species in Rhizophoreae could not survive in the intertidal zone because the osmatic potential in the sea water would be much higher than that in the xylem sap of the tree ...
Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, [3] is a shrub or small tree growing up to 12 meters (39 feet) in the acanthus family, Acanthaceae.It grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, on both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and on the Atlantic Coast of tropical Africa, where it thrives on the sandy and muddy shores where seawater reaches.
The habitat of R. apiculata is the mangroves for which there are common similarities among all mangroves around the world. These include; saline , anoxic, acidic and frequently waterlogged conditions for which the majority of nutrients are brought in via tidal inundation (the use of waves and water movement to move sediments thus supplying ...