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  2. Western blot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_blot

    The confirmatory HIV test employs a western blot to detect anti-HIV antibody in a human serum sample. Proteins from known HIV-infected cells are separated and blotted on a membrane as above. Then, the serum to be tested is applied in the primary antibody incubation step; free antibody is washed away, and a secondary anti-human antibody linked ...

  3. Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnosis_of_HIV/AIDS

    In a generally healthy low-risk population, indeterminate results on western blot occur on the order of 1 in 5,000 patients. [15] However, for those individuals who have had high-risk exposures to individuals where HIV-2 is most prevalent, Western Africa, an inconclusive western blot test may prove infection with HIV-2. [16]

  4. SDS-PAGE - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDS-PAGE

    In the HIV test, HIV proteins are separated by SDS-PAGE and subsequently detected by Western Blot with HIV-specific antibodies of the patient, if they are present in his blood serum. SDS-PAGE for proteinuria evaluates the levels of various serum proteins in the urine, e.g. Albumin , Alpha-2-macroglobulin and IgG .

  5. HIV - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV

    Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed both lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) and human T-lymphotropic virus 3 (HTLV-III). HIV-1 is more virulent and more infective than HIV-2, [20] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower ...

  6. Anti-immunoglobulin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-immunoglobulin

    This is a recombinant monoclonal antibody to Macaque pan-species IgG. This is used in ELISA to detect anti-rhesus mouse antibodies in serum. The antibody is able to distinguish between human and macaque IgG antibodies. In HIV research it has been used to detect macaque antibodies while against IV-administered HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies ...

  7. Immunostaining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunostaining

    Western blotting allows the detection of specific proteins from extracts made from cells or tissues, before or after any purification steps. Proteins are generally separated by size using gel electrophoresis before being transferred to a synthetic membrane via dry, semi-dry, or wet blotting methods. The membrane can then be probed using ...

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