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Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal, familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition-based system during the late Republic and the Empire. The Roman education system was based on the Greek system – and many of the private tutors in the Roman system were enslaved Greeks or freedmen.
Aristotle's School, a painting from the 1880s by Gustav Adolph Spangenberg. The Platonic Academy (sometimes referred to as the University of Athens), [32] [33] founded ca. 387 BCE in Athens, Greece, by the philosopher Plato, lasted until 86 BCE, when it was destroyed during Sulla's siege and sacking of Athens. [34]
Under Roman rule, Athens was given the status of a free city because of its widely admired schools. The Roman emperor Hadrian (r. 117–138 AD), constructed the Library of Hadrian, a gymnasium, an aqueduct [26] which is still in use, several temples and sanctuaries, a bridge, and finally completed the Temple of Olympian Zeus. [27]
The first schools in Ancient Rome arose by the middle of the 4th century BC. In Europe, during the Early Middle Ages, the monasteries of the Roman Catholic Church were the centers of education and literacy, preserving the Church's selection from Latin learning and maintaining the art of writing.
The School of Athens by Raphael (1509–1510), fresco at the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City. What was later to be known as Plato's school appears to have been part of Academia. Plato inherited the property at the age of thirty, with informal gatherings which included Theaetetus of Sunium, Archytas of Tarentum, Leodamas of Thasos, and Neoclides. [9]
Aristotle fled Athens in 323 BC, [2] and the university continued to function after his lifetime under a series of leaders until the Roman general Sulla destroyed it during his assault on Athens in 86 BC. [3] The remains of the Lyceum were discovered in modern Athens in 1996 in a park behind the Hellenic Parliament. [4]
The Romans gained from the Greek influence in other areas: trade, banking, administration, art, literature, philosophy and earth science. [2] In the last century BC it was a must for every rich young man to study in Athens or Rhodes and perfect their knowledge of rhetoric at the large schools of philosophy.
The ideas of Aristotle and Plato, shown in Raphael's The School of Athens, were partly lost to Western Europeans for centuries. The transmission of the Greek Classics to Latin Western Europe during the Middle Ages was a key factor in the development of intellectual life in Western Europe. [1]