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The brahmavihārā (sublime attitudes, lit. "abodes of Brahma") is a series of four Buddhist virtues and the meditation practices made to cultivate them. They are also known as the four immeasurables (Pāli: appamaññā) [1] or four infinite minds (Chinese: 四無量心). [2] The brahmavihārā are: loving-kindness or benevolence (mettā)
This critiques of Brahma in early Buddhist texts aim at the Vedas, but the same texts simultaneously call metta ("loving-kindness" or "compassion") as a state of union with Brahma. The early Buddhist approach to Brahma was thus to reject any creator aspect while retaining the Brahmavihara aspects of Brahma in the Buddhist theological system. [18]
There is a Chaturmukha Brahma temple in Chebrolu, Andhra Pradesh, and a seven feet height of Chatrumukha (Four Faces) Brahma temple at Bangalore, Karnataka. In the coastal state of Goa, a shrine belonging to the fifth century, in the small and remote village of Carambolim, Sattari Taluka in the northeast region of the state is found. [76] [77] [78]
Many passages in the Pali Canon and post-canonical commentaries identify upekkhā as an important aspect of spiritual development. It is one of the Four Sublime States of Brahmavihara, which purify mental states capable of counteracting the defilements of lust, aversion, and ignorance.
The Mahābrahmā, or the Great Brahma, is mentioned in Digha Nikaya as the being who dwells in the upper heaven; a Buddhist student can join him for one kalpa (eon, Brahma-year in Buddhism) after successfully entering the first jhana in the form realm of Buddhist practice. [2] In many Buddhist Suttas/Sutras, Mahabrahma pays visit to the Buddha.
From these emanate the four aspects through which Brahman is effulgent. These are the state of wakefulness representing God Brahma; the state of dreaming which denotes God Vishnu; the state of "dreamless sleep" that is Rudra's form; and the "transcendental" imperishable state of Turiyam in which Brahman is supreme. [28] [29]
brahma - Brahman; so 'yam ātmā - "this very atman" [52] catuṣpāt - "has four aspects" [52] While translations tend to separate the sentence in separate parts, Olivelle's translation uses various words in adjunct sets of meaning: सर्वं ह्येतद् ब्रह्म sarvam hyetad brahma - "this brahman is the Whole"
The Brahma Kumaris view humans as composed of two parts: an external visible body, which includes aspects like status and possessions, and a subtle energy known as the soul. The character structure of the soul is expressed through a person's external actions.