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Woman of 70 years old with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Microphotography of arterial wall with calcified (violet color) atherosclerotic plaque ( hematoxylin and eosin stain) Areas of severe narrowing, stenosis , detectable by angiography , and to a lesser extent " stress testing " have long been the focus of human diagnostic techniques for ...
The main causes of thrombosis are given in Virchow's triad which lists thrombophilia, endothelial cell injury, and disturbed blood flow. Generally speaking the risk for thrombosis increases over the life course of individuals, depending on life style factors like smoking, diet, and physical activity, the presence of other diseases like cancer ...
Individuals with arterial thrombosis or embolism often develop collateral circulation to compensate for the loss of arterial flow. However, it takes time for sufficient collateral circulation to develop, [ 1 ] making affected areas more vulnerable for sudden occlusion by embolisation than for e.g. gradual occlusion as in atherosclerosis .
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. [3] CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease ...
It was suggested over 150 years ago that thrombus formation is a result of abnormalities in blood flow, vessel wall, and blood components. This concept is now known as Virchow's triad. The three factors have been further refined to include circulatory stasis, vascular wall injury, and hypercoagulable state, all of which contribute to increased ...
ATE can cause life-threatening conditions, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, limb ischemia, and mesenteric ischemia. ATE is usually caused by atherosclerosis , which leads to plaque rupture and thrombus formation, or by cardioembolism, which results from the embolization of a cardiac thrombus, such as in atrial ...
At times, DVT can cause symptoms in both arms or both legs, as with bilateral DVT. [25] Rarely, a clot in the inferior vena cava can cause both legs to swell. [26] Superficial vein thrombosis, also known as superficial thrombophlebitis, is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a vein close to the skin.
A right-sided acute deep vein thrombosis (to the left in the image). The leg is swollen and red due to venous outflow obstruction. The most common conditions associated with thrombophilia are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), which are referred to collectively as venous thromboembolism (VTE).