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Kienböck's disease is a disorder of the wrist.It is named for Dr. Robert Kienböck, a radiologist in Vienna, Austria who described osteomalacia of the lunate in 1910. [1]It is breakdown of the lunate bone, a carpal bone in the wrist that articulates with the radius in the forearm.
Juvenile osteoporosis is osteoporosis in children and adolescents. Osteoporosis is rare in children and adolescents. When it occurs, it is usually secondary to some other condition, [1] e.g. osteogenesis imperfecta, rickets, eating disorders or arthritis. In some cases, there is no known cause and it is called idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis ...
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA scan) is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the bone mineral density is less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young (30–40-year-old [ 4 ] :58 ), healthy adult women reference population.
Symptoms may include pain, swelling, deformity, and bruising. [2] Complications may include damage to the median nerve. [1] It typically occurs as a result of a fall on an outstretched hand. [2] Risk factors include osteoporosis. [2] The diagnosis may be confirmed via X-rays. [2] The tip of the ulna may also be broken. [4]
A pathologic fracture is a bone fracture caused by weakness of the bone structure that leads to decrease mechanical resistance to normal mechanical loads. [1] This process is most commonly due to osteoporosis, but may also be due to other pathologies such as cancer, infection (such as osteomyelitis), inherited bone disorders, or a bone cyst.
[3] [12] Other common steps that are taken may include bone scans to detect possible signs of reduced blood flow; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect possible edema, or muscle atrophy; Nerve testing can be used to look for pain or sensitivity issues; and X-rays can detect osteoporosis as the result of AMPS. [1]
Examples of periosteal reactive bone in selected specimens of Triceratops. A periosteal reaction can result from a large number of causes, including injury and chronic irritation due to a medical condition such as hypertrophic osteopathy, bone healing in response to fracture, chronic stress injuries, subperiosteal hematomas, osteomyelitis, and cancer of the bone.
X-ray of a displaced intra-articular distal radius fracture in an external fixator: The articular surface is widely displaced and irregular. Diagnosis may be evident clinically when the distal radius is deformed, but should be confirmed by X-ray .